Cumulative Preference Shares

Investments

Quick Definition

Cumulative Preference Shares are a type of preference shares where unpaid dividends are accumulated and must be paid before any dividend is given to equity shareholders.

Detailed Explanation

Cumulative Preference Shares provide investors with a priority right to receive dividends, even if the company skips payments in a particular year. Any unpaid dividends are carried forward (accumulated) and must be cleared before equity shareholders receive dividends.

These shares are popular among investors seeking steady and relatively safer income compared to equity shares.

Key Features

  • Dividend accumulation: Unpaid dividends are carried forward
  • Priority payment: Paid before equity shareholders
  • Fixed dividend rate
  • Suitable for conservative investors

Cumulative vs Non-Cumulative Preference Shares

[Image comparing cumulative vs non-cumulative preference shares showing what happens when a dividend is missed]
  • Cumulative: Unpaid dividends accumulate
  • Non-Cumulative: Missed dividends are not carried forward

Advantages

  • Assured dividend (eventually paid)
  • Lower risk than equity shares
  • Priority in dividend distribution

Limitations

  • No voting rights (in most cases)
  • Limited capital appreciation
  • Dividend depends on company profits

Example

"A company does not pay dividends for 2 years. In the 3rd year, it must pay all pending dividends to cumulative preference shareholders before paying equity shareholders."

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