Floating Charge

Loans

Quick Definition

A Floating Charge is a type of security interest over a company’s changing assets (like inventory or receivables) that allows the business to use those assets until default occurs.

Detailed Explanation

A Floating Charge is commonly used by lenders to secure loans given to companies. Unlike a fixed charge (on specific assets), it covers assets that change over time, such as stock, cash, or receivables.

The company can freely use, sell, or replace these assets in normal business operations. However, if the company defaults, the floating charge “crystallizes” into a fixed charge, giving the lender control over those assets.

Key Features

  • Covers current and fluctuating assets
  • Allows business to operate normally
  • Converts into fixed charge on default (crystallization)

Floating Charge vs Fixed Charge

  • Floating Charge: On changing assets (inventory, receivables)
  • Fixed Charge: On specific assets (land, machinery)

Why Floating Charge Matters

  • Helps businesses get loans using working assets
  • Provides security to lenders
  • Maintains operational flexibility

Risks

  • Lower priority compared to fixed charges during liquidation
  • Value of assets may fluctuate

Example

"A company takes a loan secured by its inventory. It continues selling and restocking goods, but if it defaults, the lender can claim those assets."

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