Operational Risk

Risk

Quick Definition

Operational Risk is the risk of loss due to failures in internal processes, systems, human errors, or external events.

Detailed Explanation

Operational Risk arises from day-to-day business operations and can affect any organization, especially banks and financial institutions. It includes risks from system breakdowns, fraud, human mistakes, or external disruptions.

In India, financial institutions manage operational risk under guidelines from the Reserve Bank of India and global standards like Basel norms.

Types of Operational Risk

  • Human Error: Mistakes by employees
  • System Failure: IT breakdowns or outages
  • Fraud Risk: Internal or external fraud
  • External Events: Natural disasters, cyber attacks

Examples of Operational Risk

  • Bank system crash during transactions
  • Data breach or hacking incident
  • Incorrect data entry causing financial loss

How to Manage Operational Risk

  • Strong internal controls
  • Regular audits and monitoring
  • Employee training
  • Robust IT and cybersecurity systems

Why Operational Risk Matters

  • Protects organizations from financial losses
  • Ensures smooth business operations
  • Maintains customer trust and compliance

Example

"If a bank’s system fails during a transaction, causing incorrect transfers, it is an operational risk."

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